Diphtheria is a highly contagious bacterial infection that can affect the respiratory system, including the nose, throat, and skin. The bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae causes it. Diphtheria can be potentially fatal if not treated promptly. In this article, we will talk about its causes, symptoms and how to prevent contracting it.
Historically, diphtheria has been a major cause of illness and death in Nigeria. However, due to the implementation of routine childhood vaccination programs, diphtheria has become less common in recent years. Nevertheless, outbreaks can still occur, particularly in communities where vaccination rates are low.
WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS?
Symptoms of diphtheria can vary widely depending on the severity of the infection. In mild cases, symptoms may be similar to those of a common cold, including fever, sore throat, and cough. In more severe cases, the characteristic symptom of diphtheria is the formation of a thick, grayish-white membrane in the throat and tonsils. This membrane can cause difficulty breathing and swallowing, leading to other complications, such as pneumonia and heart failure.
HOW DOES IT SPREAD?
Diphtheria is spread through contact with respiratory droplets, released when an infected person coughs or sneezes. It can also be spread through close contact with infected skin lesions. People not vaccinated against diphtheria are at the highest risk of infection.
HOW CAN YOU STAY SAFE?
To stay safe from diphtheria, it is essential to ensure that you receive vaccination against it. Typically, healthcare providers administer diphtheria vaccines as part of a combination vaccine that protects against tetanus and pertussis (whooping cough). They usually administer the vaccine in doses during childhood and provide booster shots periodically throughout adulthood.
It is important to note that even people vaccinated against diphtheria can still contract the infection. However, the severity of the illness in vaccinated individuals is typically much lower than in unvaccinated individuals, and the risk of death is greatly reduced.
In addition to vaccination, you can take several other measures to reduce your risk of contracting diphtheria. These include:
1. Practicing good hygiene:
Wash your hands frequently with soap and water, especially after coughing, sneezing, or being in close contact with someone who may be sick. When you cough or sneeze, cover your mouth and nose, and dispose of tissues properly.
2. Avoiding close contact with sick people:
If someone in your household is sick with diphtheria or another contagious illness, try to avoid close contact with them as much as possible.
3. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle:
A healthy lifestyle can help boost your immune system and reduce your risk of infection. Eat a nutritious diet, get plenty of rest, and exercise regularly.
4. Seeking prompt medical attention:
If you or someone in your household develops symptoms of diphtheria, seek medical attention immediately. Early treatment is critical for preventing serious complications.
In conclusion, diphtheria is a serious bacterial infection that can be fatal if left untreated. However, the disease risk can be greatly reduced through vaccination, good hygiene practices, and avoiding close contact with sick individuals. If you or someone you know develops symptoms of diphtheria, seek medical attention immediately. By taking these simple precautions, we can help keep our communities healthy and free from the threat of diphtheria.
