Glandular fever, also known as the kissing disease, is a viral infection caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). This infection is common among teenagers and young adults, with symptoms ranging from mild to severe. In this article, we will discuss the symptoms, causes, treatment, and prevention of glandular fever.
Symptoms
The symptoms of glandular fever usually develop within 4 to 6 weeks after exposure to the virus. The symptoms can vary from person to person and may include the following:
– Fatigue: One of the most common symptoms of glandular fever is extreme tiredness and fatigue that can last for weeks or months.
– Fever: High fever is another common symptom, which can be as high as 103-104°F.
– Sore throat: A sore throat is another early symptom of glandular fever. The throat may be red and swollen, and swallowing may be difficult.
– Swollen lymph glands: The lymph nodes in the neck, armpits, and groin may become swollen and tender.
– Muscle aches: Joint pain, muscle aches, and weakness are other common symptoms.
– Headache: Headaches are also common symptoms of glandular fever.
– Rash: Some people may develop a rash, usually on the chest or back.
– Enlarged spleen: The spleen, which is responsible for filtering the blood, may become enlarged and tender.
– Jaundice: In rare cases, jaundice (a yellowing of the skin and eyes) may occur.
Causes
Glandular fever is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), which is a member of the herpesvirus family. EBV can be transmitted through saliva, blood transfusions, and organ transplantation. It is commonly spread through kissing, hence the name “kissing disease.” However, sharing objects such as eating utensils, toothbrushes, and drinking glasses can also spread the virus.
Once the virus enters the body, it infects the cells in the throat and creates a sore throat. It then travels through the bloodstream and infects the white blood cells, known as B lymphocytes. These infected cells then spread to other organs and tissues, including the liver, spleen, and lymph nodes.
Glandular fever can affect people of all ages, but it is most common in teenagers and young adults. The virus can remain in the body for months or even years, but it usually does not cause any symptoms.
Treatment
Glandular fever can be diagnosed through a blood test that detects the presence of the Epstein-Barr virus. There is no cure for glandular fever, so treatment is focused on relieving the symptoms.
For mild cases, resting and taking over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen and acetaminophen, can help relieve the symptoms. Drinking plenty of fluids, such as water, tea, and clear soups, can also help prevent dehydration.
In severe cases, hospitalization may be required. Treatment may include intravenous (IV) fluids, steroids to reduce inflammation, and antiviral medications to kill the virus. If the spleen is enlarged, the doctor may recommend avoiding contact sports or other activities that could cause the spleen to rupture.
Most people recover from glandular fever within a few weeks, while others may take several months to recover fully. In rare cases, fatigue may last for several months, and a few people may experience relapses.
Prevention
Glandular fever can be prevented by avoiding close contact with people who have the virus. If someone has glandular fever, they should be careful to cover their mouth and nose when they cough or sneeze and avoid sharing objects such as drinking glasses and eating utensils.
Good hygiene practices, such as washing hands frequently with soap and water, can also help prevent the spread of the virus. It is also essential to maintain a healthy lifestyle by eating a nutritious diet, getting enough rest, and exercising regularly, which can help boost the immune system.
For people who have already had glandular fever, the risk of getting it again is low, as the body develops immunity to the virus. However, the virus can reactivate in some cases, particularly in people with weakened immune systems.
Conclusion
Glandular fever, also known as the kissing disease, is a viral infection caused by the Epstein-Barr virus. While it is most common in teenagers and young adults, anyone can get it. The symptoms of glandular fever can range from mild to severe and may include fatigue, fever, sore throat, swollen lymph glands, and muscle aches.
There is no cure for glandular fever, so treatment is focused on relieving the symptoms. Resting, taking over-the-counter pain relievers, and drinking fluids are recommended for mild cases. In severe cases, hospitalization may be required.
Glandular fever can be prevented by avoiding close contact with infected people, practicing good hygiene, and staying healthy by eating well, exercising, and getting enough rest. With proper care and treatment, people with glandular fever can recover fully and resume their normal activities.
