Fissured tongue, also known as a scrotal tongue, is a common condition that affects about 5% of the population. The condition is characterized by deep grooves or cracks on the surface of the tongue that can be visually striking. While fissured tongue is usually not a serious health issue, it can sometimes indicate an underlying condition or cause discomfort. In this article, we’ll take a closer look at fissured tongue, its causes, symptoms, and treatments.
What is Fissured Tongue?
Fissured tongue is a common benign condition that affects the surface of the tongue. The condition is characterized by deep grooves or cracks on the surface of the tongue, giving it a furrowed, ridged appearance. These fissures can be as deep as 6mm, and they can occur in different parts of the tongue. The fissures tend to deepen as a person ages, and they are more common in men than women.
Although fissured tongue is usually not a serious health issue, some people with the condition may have discomfort due to food accumulation or irritation. In rare cases, fissured tongue may cause swelling or inflammation, making it difficult for a person to eat or speak normally.
Causes of Fissured Tongue
The exact cause of fissured tongue is unknown. However, studies suggest that it may be an inherited or genetic condition. Other factors that may increase the risk of developing fissured tongue include:
Age
Fissured tongue tends to be more common among older adults.
Geographic location
Fissured tongue is more common in certain regions, such as Scandinavia and North America.
Poor oral hygiene
People who do not brush or floss regularly may have a higher risk of developing fissured tongue.
Nutritional deficiencies
Deficiencies in nutrients such as folic acid, vitamin B12, or iron may increase the risk of developing fissured tongue.
Symptoms of Fissured Tongue
The main symptom of fissured tongue is the presence of deep grooves or cracks on the surface of the tongue. The fissures may appear as multiple grooves or as one deep furrow that divides the tongue into two halves. Other symptoms of fissured tongue include:
Tongue sensitivity
Some people with fissured tongue may find it uncomfortable to eat spicy or acidic foods.
Food accumulation
Food particles may accumulate in the fissures, leading to bad breath or infection.
Inflammation
In rare cases, the fissures may become inflamed and cause pain or swelling.
Diagnosis of Fissured Tongue
Diagnosing fissured tongue is usually straightforward. A doctor or dentist can diagnose the condition by visual examination of the tongue. In some cases, additional tests may be necessary to rule out underlying conditions or diseases that may be causing the fissures. These tests may include blood tests, cultures, or biopsies of the tongue tissue.
Treatment of Fissured Tongue
In most cases, fissured tongue does not require any specific treatment other than good oral hygiene practices. Brushing and flossing the teeth regularly can help prevent food accumulation and bacterial growth in the fissures. If a person experiences discomfort or irritation, over-the-counter pain relievers or topical ointments may help.
In some cases, dentists may recommend scraping or smoothing the surface of the tongue to remove trapped food particles or bacteria. In rare cases where the fissures become infected or inflamed, oral antimicrobial or anti-inflammatory medications may be necessary.
Prevention of Fissured Tongue
While the exact cause of fissured tongue is unknown, there are several things you can do to reduce your risk of developing the condition. These include:
- Brushing and flossing your teeth regularly.
- Maintaining a healthy diet rich in nutrients such as folic acid, vitamin B12, and iron.
- Avoiding tobacco use and excessive alcohol consumption.
- Visiting the dentist regularly for checkups and cleanings.
Conclusion
Fissured tongue is a common benign condition that affects the surface of the tongue. While it is usually not a serious health issue, some people with the condition may experience discomfort or irritation. The exact cause of fissured tongue is unknown, but it is thought to be an inherited or genetic condition. Good oral hygiene practices can help prevent food accumulation and bacterial growth in the fissures. If you experience symptoms or ongoing discomfort, it’s important to see a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and treatment.
