Skin tags, scientifically known as acrochordons, are small, non-cancerous skin growths often found in areas subject to frequent friction, such as the neck, armpits, groin, eyelids, and under the breasts. While generally harmless, they can sometimes lead to discomfort or aesthetic concerns. Gaining insight into their causes, prevention strategies, and treatment options can help individuals address this common condition effectively.
What Are Skin Tags?
These soft, flesh-colored or slightly darker growths are connected to the skin by a slender stalk called a peduncle. Dr. Joshua Zeichner, a dermatologist and Director of Cosmetic and Clinical Research at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York, explains that these growths are composed of collagen fibers, blood vessels, and skin tissue. They commonly appear in areas exposed to friction or moisture.
Although anyone can develop these growths, some factors increase their likelihood. Individuals with higher body weight, diabetes, or those over 50 are more prone to them. Hormonal changes, especially during pregnancy, can also contribute to their development.
What Causes Them?
The precise causes of skin tags remain uncertain, but friction plays a significant role. Dr. Zeichner notes that repeated skin-to-skin or clothing-to-skin rubbing creates irritation and micro-injuries, potentially stimulating their formation.
Other factors include:
- Genetics: A family history of these growths increases susceptibility.
- Insulin Resistance: Those with diabetes or prediabetes often experience higher rates, possibly due to insulin’s effects on cellular growth.
- Hormonal Changes: Pregnancy-related hormonal shifts may trigger their appearance.
Prevention Strategies
Although not always preventable, certain habits can reduce the risk of developing these skin growths:
- Maintain a Healthy Weight
Reducing weight decreases friction, a leading cause. - Wear Comfortable Clothing
Loose, breathable fabrics minimize irritation. - Keep Skin Dry and Clean
Talcum powder or antiperspirants can reduce moisture and friction in high-risk areas. - Manage Blood Sugar Levels
Controlling blood sugar in individuals with diabetes or insulin resistance may reduce occurrences. - Avoid Jewelry Irritation
Using lightweight or shorter necklaces can prevent friction-induced growths around the neck.
Treatment Options
While these growths are benign, some people opt for removal for comfort or cosmetic reasons. A dermatologist can recommend safe methods to avoid infection or scarring. Common options include:
Cryotherapy
Liquid nitrogen freezes the growth, causing it to fall off in a few days. Dr. Susan Bard, a board-certified dermatologist, highlights this as an effective, minimally invasive treatment for small to medium-sized growths.
Excision
This involves a dermatologist using a scalpel or scissors to remove the growth under local anesthesia. It’s particularly suitable for larger growths.
Electrocautery
An electric current is used to burn off the growth while sealing the area to prevent bleeding, according to Dr. Mona Gohara of Yale School of Medicine.
Over-the-Counter Remedies
Pharmacies offer kits designed to dry out these growths over time. These are best for small ones but must be used carefully to avoid irritation.
Natural Remedies
Some people try tea tree oil or apple cider vinegar, though these lack scientific support. Dr. Zeichner advises patch-testing to prevent skin irritation.
When to Consult a Doctor
Although usually harmless, medical evaluation is necessary if:
- A growth becomes painful, irritated, or bleeds.
- There are changes in color, size, or shape, which could indicate a more serious condition like skin cancer.
Embracing These Growths
For those who choose not to remove them, accepting them as a natural aspect of the body is entirely valid. Dr. Gohara reminds us that these growths are incredibly common and not a source of embarrassment. The decision to address them is entirely personal.
Conclusion
These benign skin growths are often linked to friction and genetic predispositions. While prevention isn’t always possible, adopting healthy habits and minimizing skin irritation can reduce their occurrence. For those seeking removal, professional treatments offer safe and effective solutions. Ultimately, whether to manage or embrace them is a choice that need not affect one’s confidence or comfort.
